Gerund

Activity 1.
Find the gerund in the following sentences and underline them. Remember there can be more than one gerund in a sentence. Look for verb that act like nouns.

1. Skating makes Janet happy.

2. Amber loves swimming, hiking and canoeing at camp.

3. Riding a bike is my favorite exercise.

4. Eating cookies in the car made a mess.

5. Susan enjoys reading and sewing.

6. My teacher planned a gym day of running and jumping.

the answer
1. skating
2. swimming, hiking, canoeing.
3. riding
4. eating
5. reading , sewing
6. running and jumping

1. Skating makes Janet happy.
>>Janet feel like skating now

2.hiking : walking in any place for vacation.

4. Eating cookies in the car made a mess
>>What made a mess in the car?
>>mess = something is not correct
>>My friend is very mess ----> the person is not responsible.

5. Susan enjoy reading and sewing.
>>What does Susan enjoy?

6. My teacher planned a gym day of running and jumping.
>>What did your teacher plan?

Activity 2

1. (to ski) ........ can be dangerous.
2. After (to shop)..........., we went to the cinema.
3. (to smoke)............. is unhealthy.
4. (to swim) .......... is my favorite activity.
5. Do you like (to surf)....... on the net ?
6. Does she enjoy (to wear)...... jewels?
7. At the (begin).......... of the year,we move south.
8. Before (to go)............. to bed, I usually have a shower.
9. Be careful (to spell) ........words.
10. The neighbors thanked me for (to call) ........ the fire department.

the answer
1. skiing
2. shopping
3. smoking
4.swimming
5. surfing
6.wearing
7.beginning
8. going
9. spelling
10. calling.

The verb which are followed by gerund :
admit
appreciate
avoid
carry on = continue
consider = think about it
defer
delay = something is late
deny = say no
detest = hate, don't like , dislike
endure
enjoy = like
escape = run away
excuse
face = I face a problem = I have a problem
ex: the window face the east
feel like = want to do something
finish
forgive
give up = stop doing something
can't help = really want to
ex: I can't help speaking to you ( I want to speak to you so much)
>>I can't help eat chocolate ( I really want to eat chocolate)
hate
imagine
involved
keep ( continue)
leave off
like
mention
mind
miss
postpone
practice
put off
report
resent
risk
can't stand
stop understand

Some preposition are followed by gerund :
Be keen on
be fond of (like)
be good at
be interest in
be afraid of
a method/ way
of insist on
accuse someone of
be used to

Build sentences ( www.tolearnenglish.com)

1. early. getting hate up I
2. next summer. to Paris They suggested going
3. town? Do you mind in living
4.She meeting mother-in -law. avoids her
5. at playing good She piano. is the
6. interested I'm in butterflies. collecting
7. afraid going of is in She storm. out

the answer
1. I hate getting up early.
2. They suggest going to Paris next summer.
3. Do you mind living in town ?
4. She avoids meeting her mother-in-law.
5. She is the good at playing piano.
6. I'm interested in collecting butterflies.
7. She is afraid of going out in storm.

What can you see in this picture?
1. there are two men dancing.
answer:
1. I can see two men dancing at home.
2. I can see two men enjoying their time.
3. I can see the tape recorder playing in the room.
4. I can see two men singing at home.
5. I can see two men have a fun.

What can you see in this picture? (there are several people harvesting apple)
1. I can see several people taking fruits.
2. I can see two people climbing to leader.
3. I can see apple falling down in the ground.

What can you see in this picture?
1. I can see two people talking.
2. I can see a men talking with his wife.
3. I can see two people having conversation
4. I can see the father giving advice to his daughter.
5. I can see two people sitting on the chair.

What can you see in this picture?
1. I can see children fighting.
2. I can see a boy throwing to him face the ice cream.
3. I can see some kid throwing sandwich.

What can you see in this picture?
1. I can see some people working
2. I can see some people typing on the computer.
3. I can see some people reading.

What can you see in this picture?
1. I can see some people clapping their hand.

Participles, Participle constructions

Use
1. to shorten relative clauses
2. to make one sentence out of two
3. after verbs of "perception" (e.g. see, watch, hear, listen to, smell, feel)
4. after verbs of "rest" and "movement" (e.g.run, go, come,stay,stand,lie,sit)
5. after the verb have, ex: I have a lot of thing going on.
6. instead of a subordinate clause.


example: no .5 after verbs have
1. I can not meet you now, because I have a project going on.
2. I can not meet you because my son playing footbal.
3. I can not meet you because I have my home work is done.


FORM
present/participle --------- an exciting race

past participle-------------- excited people

Examples
1. The cars which are produced in Japan are nice.
--The cars produced in Japan are nice.

2. I saw the man. He came to the shop.
--I saw the man coming to the shop.

3. I saw the car coming round the corner.

4. The girl sat sleeping on the sofa.

5. I have my clothes washed.

6. When they went to Texas they expected a better job.
--Going to Texas they expected a better job.

make sentence like : The girl sat sleeping on the sofa.
1. I sat watching TV....
2. I sat eating....
3. I sat relaxing..
4. I sat writing..

make sentences like : I have my clothes washed.
1. I have my hair cut, yesterday.

2. I went to girl to make my dress.
--I had my dress made.

3. I have go to my dentist.
--What did the dentist do for your tooth?
--I had my tooth filled in.

4. I have a plumber in my apartment.
--I had my bathtub fixed.

Put in the verbs in brackets as participles present participle or past participle into the gaps.

Example: I talked to the man ..............the newspaper.
Answer : I talked to the man reading the newspaper.

1. He saw his friend........(go) out with Sue.
2. The bus crashed into the blue car....(drive) down the hill.
3. Peter hurt his leg...(do) karate.
4. The umbrella...(find) at the bus stop belongs to John Smith.
5. The people.....(dance) in the street are all very nice.
6. I heard my mother ........(talk) on the phone.
7. My uncle always has his car ........(wash).
8. We stood .....(wait) for taxi.
9. ......(look) down from the tower we saw many people walking in the streets.
10. The people drove off in ......(steal) car.

answer
1. going
2. driving
3. doing. because he hurt by him self. but ..if the sentence like :
Peter had his leg hurt, because doing karate with someone.
4. found. (just passive voice)
5. dancing.
6. talking ( still action)
7. washed.( he doesn't wash the car by him self)
8. waiting.
9. looking
10. stolen (passive voice).