Fall, August 23 , 2010

Simple Present Tense

We use the Simple Present Tense for :
1. Truth and fact
ex: Oklahoma is have a lot of wind.

2. Customs
ex: American speaks English.

3. Regular activities
ex : I cook everyday.
I clean home everyday.
I go to FRC everyday.

The form of Simple Present :

Subject + Verb 1 + object

Yes or No Question and Short Answers with the Present Tense.
To form a question with he, she, it, everyone, family, or a singular, use :

Does + subject + base form

example:
1. Does Barbara work in Washington ?

wrong : Does Barbara works in Washington ?

Does + Subject + Verb + Complement

1. Does She live in Virginia ?
2. Does everyone pay taxes ?
3. Does your family visit you ?


To form a question with I , We, you, they or plural noun, use :

Do + Subject + base form

--Do + Subject + Verb + complement

1. Do you work hard ?
2. Do they pay taxes ?
3. Do American like the IRS ?

We usually answer a yes / no question with a short answer.

Short answer :

Yes, + subject pronoun + do /does.
No, + subject pronoun + don't/ doesn't

examples:
1. Do lottery winners pay taxes ?
--Yes, they do.

2. Do Americans like taxes ?
--No, they don't

3. Does Barbara use the metro ?
--Yes , she does.

4. Does she live in Washington ?
--No, she doesn't.

Usage Note : American English and British English use different grammar to form a question with have. Compare :
American : Does she have a car ? Yes, she does.
British : Has she a car ? or Has she got a car ? Yes, she has

Compare statement and Questions.

Do/ Does---Subject ----Verb ---Complement -------Short answer.
Does ------Barbara ----work -- -in Washington.----- Yes, She does.
Does -------- She ----- work--- for the government ? -- No, She doesn't.

Do ---------- You ------ pay ------- taxes ? ------------- Yes, it is.
Do -----------you ------pay---- -----a lot ? -------------- Yes, I do.

Read the following conversation between Annie (A) and Barbara (B) in Washington, D.C. Pay special attention to questions.

A: Do you live in Washington ?
B : No, I don't . I live in Virginia.
A : Do you in Washington ?
B : Yes, I do.
A : How do you go to work ?
B : I use the metro.
A : How much does it cost ?
B : That depends on how far you ride. I pay $1.50 per ride.
A : Where do you work ?
B : I work at the IRS.
A :What does IRS mean ?
B : It means Internal Revenue Service. This is the government agency that collect taxes. Whenever I tell people that I work at the IRS, they give me funny looks or funny things.
A : Why ?
B : Because everyone hates the IRS. No one likes to pay taxes. But taxes are necessary .
A : How does the IRS use the money ?
B : For the military, education, health care, social security , and many other things.
A : Does everyone pay the same amount of tax ?
B : No. Poor people pay a smaller percentage. Middle income people pay more. The tax law is very complicated. (complicated = not simple)
A : When do people in the USA pay tax ?
B : They pay little by little . Money comes out of their paychecks. Then they fill out a form and send it to the IRS every year by April 15.
A : My friend gets a refund every year. Does everyone get a refund ?
B : No, only people who pay too much during the year get a refund. If we pay too little, we send a check to the IRS by April 15.
A : I hope to win the lottery some day. Then I won't need to pay taxes.
B : You're wrong! The IRS takes a percentage from every lottery winning.
A : How does the IRS know who wins the lottery ?
B : The lottery reports the winner's name to the IRS. A famous American, Benjamin Franklin, said, "In this world nothing is certain but death and taxes."

SAY, TELL, and SPEAK

SAY
Uses :
1. used with direct and indirect speech.
example :
- She said that it was my last chance.
- He said , Good morning."

2. Say is most often used without a personal object.
example : She said that she would be late.

3. If we want to put a personal object after say, we use to.
example : And I say to all the people of this great country...

TELL
1. uses with direct and indirect speech

2. after tell, we usually say who is told, i.e.tell someone something .
example : She told me that she would be late.

3. only used to mean 'instruct' or 'inform'
example : She told me that it was my last chance.

4. Tell is used to tell someone to do something.
example : Tom's mother told him to clean his room.

5. Tell is not used before objects like a word, a name, a sentence, a phrase.
example : Alice said a naughty word...

6. We don't usually use it after tell to refer to a fact.
example : "I'll tell you tomorrow," (not: I'll tell you it tomorrow)

7. Tell someone again (repeat)
example : "I don't want to tell you again to get your homework done."

TALK
1. There is not very much difference between speak and talk.
example : When she walked into the room everybody stopped talking.

2. Talk is the more usual word to refer to conversational exchanges and informal communication.


SPEAK
1. is often used for one-way communication and for exchanges in more serious or formal situations.
example : I'll have to speak to that bay - he's getting very lazy.
After she had finished reading the latter, nobody spoke.

2. Speak is the usual word to refer to knowledge and use of languages.
example : She speaks three languages fluently.

SAY :
- say (speak)
- say (THINK)
- say (GIVE INFORMATION)
- say (EXPRESSION)
- say - so (STATEMENT)
- say -so (PERMISSION)
- say cheese
- not have a civil word to say about sb (somebody)
- it's fair to say
- need I say
- needless to say ---> something really no about this
- to say nothing of......
- you can say that again !
- You don't say ! ---> don't like to doing.
- have /a /some say in something . ( you participate in project)
- wave / say goodbye to something
- breathe / say a word.

TELL

- tell (SPEAK)
- tell (KNOW)
- tell (HAVE A EFFECT)
- tell on somebody ( INFORM)
- tell on somebody ( AFFECT BADLY)
- as / so far as I can tell----> from the information, the reason.
- tell a lie / lies.
- tell the truth
- tell tales ---> making story about something
- tell somebody's fortune
- tell it like it is ---> say what happen
- tell the difference ----> shape
- you never can tell -----> when we don't know
- (only) time will / can tell

TALK

- baby talk ---> when we play with baby
- back talk
- sweet-talk ---> I like you
- talk show
- talk back
- talk sth down (REDUCE)---> let finish this project
- talk somebody down (PREVENT) ---> I talk my friend to go to shopping this weekend.
- talk somebody down (PERSUADE)
- talk down to somebody
- talk somebody into something
- talk something out
- talk somebody out of something
- speak/talk the same language
- speak/talk of the devil
- talk/speak in riddles
-talk business/politics
-talk about........
- talk nonsense ---> something doesn't important
- give somebody something to talk about
- all talk (and no action) ----- > just talk no action

SPEAK

- speak (say words)
- speak (language)
- speak (formal talk)
- speak (SUGGEST)
- speak out/up
- speak up
- speak up for somebody / something
- actions speak louder than words
- speak / talk of the devil
- speak in somebody's favor
- speak /talk the same language
- speak for your self-----> to express your opinion
- talk/speak in riddles
- speak your mind
- none to speak of
- so to speak
- be on speaking terms
- speak too soon
- speak when you're spoken to ! (ngobrol)
- speak volumes ---> when there is something give many information / suppport me , this something very important.


Practice :

SAY SOMETHING
A. Do you know the difference between say, tell, talk , speak and discuss? Circle complete each sentence. Sometimes both verbs are possible.

1. He (said/told) me that he couldn't attend the meeting.
2. He (said/told) that he was sorry for his mistake.
3. We (talked/discussed) about the situation in Japan.
4. We (talked/ discussed) the new marketing plan.
5. Did she (speak/ talk) to you about the reorganization plans?
6. Did she (speak/ talk) about the cost of the project ?

The answer:
1. told
2. said
3. talked
4. discussed
5. speak
6. speak

B. Complete these sentences with the correct form of say, tell, speak, talk or discussed.
1. Where is she ? She.....she would be here half an hour ago.
2. I phoned your office and ......to your assistant.
3. Do you have a free moment to ....... the Zurich deal ?
4. I'll ......speak for about half an hour and then answer your questions.
5. I .....him that he would have to wait for an answer.
6. I'm sorry, I don't understand. What are you .......... about ?

the answer
1. said
2. spoke
3. discuss
4. speak / say
5. told
6. talking / speaking

1. You didn't ....... me the truth, did you ? No , I didn't.
2. They have been ........ for hours on the phone! They are real chatterboxes!
3. Don't ...... me. I'm going to guess.
4. Does he ....... English fluently ?
5. Let's ....... about our holidays.
6. You mustn't ......them about your bad marks.
7. Stop ....... and giggling, naughty girls!
8. You mustn't ....... to strangers in the street.
9. Story ..... is quite interesting, isn't it ?

The answer
1. tell
2. talking
3. tell
4. speak
5. talk / speak
6. tell
7. talking
8. speak / talk
9. telling

WISHES

I wish I didn't have to get up so early.

I wish I knew how to be successful.

I wish I had an older brother or sister.

I wish I went to bed earlier last night.

I wish I were someone else.

I wish I lived somewhere else.

I wish I understood people better.

I wish I were still a child.

I wish I had more time to study English.

I wish I lived in another era.

I wish my parents didn't annoy me so much.

I wish I could change my life.

I wish I were more confident.

I wish I was never impolite.

I wish I were a parent.

I wish I had more skills.

_____________________________________________________________________

Practice:

1. I don't have anything to smoke.
a. I wish I knew more people.
b. I wish I had more time
c. I wish I had cigarette.
d. I wish I knew something about cars.
e. I wish I understood it better.

2. Simon has gone on holiday and I really need to speak to him.
a. I wish I was twenty again.
b. I wish I was better-looking.
c. I wish they are smaller.
d. I wish he was there.
e. I wish I could as I love visiting Spain on holiday.

3. Girls don't like me because I'm ugly.
a. I wish I was twenty again.
b. I wish I was better-looking.
c. I wish I had a more powerful one.
d. I wish I had an interesting one.
e. I wish I could as I as I love visiting Spain on holiday.

4. I don't have much time.
a. I wish I knew more people.
b. I wish I had more time.
c. I wish I wasn't working.
d. I wish I knew something about cars.
e. I wish I understood it better.

5. My computer is old and slow.
a. I wish it were possible as it a country I love.
b. I wish I earned more money.
c. I wish I had a more powerful.
d. I wish I lived in a hotter country.
e. I wish I finished earlier.

6. It's really cold here. The climate is awful.
a. I wish I knew more people.
b. I wish I had more time.
c. I wish I had a cigarette.
d. I wish I lived in a hotter country.
e. I wish I understood it better.

7. I'm lonely.
a. I wish I knew more people.
b. I wish I were a better cook.
c. I wish I wasn't working.
d. I wish I knew something about cars.
e. I wish I understood it better.

8. Mark and Sally are going to India but it's not possible for me to go with them.
a. I wish it were possible as it is a country I live.
b. I wish I had more food.
c. I wish I had cigarette.
d. I wish I lived in a smaller country.
e. I wish I finished earlier.

9. I feel really old.
a. I wish I was twenty again.
b. I wish I had more food.
c. I wish I had a cigarette.
d. I wish I had a more powerful one.
e. I wish I could as I love visiting Spain on holiday.

10. My job is really boring.
a. I wish it were possible as it is a country I love.
b. I wish I saved more money.
c. I wish I had an interesting one.

The answer is:
1. c
2.d.
3. b.
4. b.
5. c
6. d
7. a
8. a
9. a
10. c.
<>_<>_<>_<>_<>_<>_<>_<>_<>_<>_<>_<>_<>_<>_<>_<>_<>_<>_<>_<>_<>_<>_<>_<>

DO or MAKE ?
Which one do I use ?

The verbs "make' and "do" often confused by Spanish-speakers because both words mean "hacer". However, "make " and "do" have very distinct meanings in English.
The verb "make" in English is generally used usually used with activities. There are many exceptions to this "rule"

Here are few guidelines :

Make often has the meaning of produce, create, or prepare :

* I made o fire, then I made myself a meal. After the meal I made some coffee.

* That motorcycle makes a lot of noise, don't you think?

Do is usually the correct words when are talking about a general activity : that is, we do not specify its nature.

* I hope you know what you are doing.

* If you do that, you'll regret it.

Do is usually the correct word when we are talking about work.
(In this sense it is often used with the -ing work activities : cooking, shopping, washing- up, sewing, cleaning, etc.)

* It's the weekend. I don't do any work on the weekend : no homework, no housework,nothing.

* I never do the shopping. My wife the shopping. My wife does that. But I always do the cooking.

Correct Forms : I do all the homework, including the cooking and the cleaning.
Common Errors : I make all the homework, including the cooking and the cleaning.

Correct Forms : I was cold so I made a cup of coffee.
Common Errors: I was cold so I did a cup of coffee.
____________________________________________________________________

"DO" for activities ( daily activities)

Use the verb "do" to express daily activities or jobs. Notice that these are usually activities that produce no physical object.

do homework
do housework
do the ironing
do the dishes
do a job

"DO" for general Ideas
Use the verb "do" when speaking about things in general. In other words, when we do not exactly name an activity. This form is often used with the words " something, nothing, anything, everything, etc."

I'm not doing anything today.
He does everything for his mother.
She's doing nothing at the moment.

Important Expressions with "DO"
There are a number of standard expressions that take the verb"do".
These are standard collocations (verb + noun combination's) that are used in English.

do one's best------> do his best, do her best, do my best, do our best, do their best, do her best, do your best.
do good
do a favor
do harm (do hurt)
do business

"MAKE" for constructing, Building, Creating.
Use 'make" to express an activity that creates something that you can touch.

make food
make a cup of tea - make a cup of coffee
make a mess

Important Expressions with "MAKE"
There are a number of standard expressions that take the verb "make". In a number of cases the verb "DO" seems more appropriate.
These are standard collocations (verb + noun combination) that are used in English.

make a plans
make an exception (something different)
make arrangements (plan)
make a telephone call
make a decision
make a mistake
make noise
make money
make an excuse
make an effort
make a appointment

Do is usually used to describe an action. Do represents action verb. Do can be confusing because it is also an axillary verb. It is common to hear, "What do you want to do ? " The first do is an axillary verb and the final do represent any action verb.

Make usually refers to a product. It means to produce , fabricate, or contruct.

Common Expressions with Do

* do well
* do badly
* do a favor
* do business
* do the dishes
* do chores ( do housework)
* do your laundry
* do your homework
* do lunch (to have lunch with someone)-----> go with someone, you invite pay separately
* do your hair
* do your nails
* do your make-up
* do time ( spend time in jail or prison)
* do away with (murder)

Example: This is my do hair.
Who does do your make-up ? my self.
Do away with ------> no punishment

I late go work everyday, I do away with it. ( no punishment)


Common Expressions with "MAKE"
* make the bed
* make dinner
* make money
* make a mistake
* make do (to survive)
* make a living
* make a living
* make a different
* make a big deal
* make end's meet
* make a decision
* make love
* make war
* make a mess
* make a suggestion
* make an excuse
* make an exception
* make changes


Here are some more examples :

Do is used to describe an action without saying exactly what the action is :

I'm going to do something that you won't believe.
We did somethings around the house on the weekend.

Do is used to speak to talk work and jobs:

I didn't do any work today.
My mother usually does the housework during the week, but my father does most of the chores on the weekend.
Have you done homework ?

Make is used to speak about building, constructing, producing, creating, etc.

Peter made a tree house for his children.
Who made this lovely birthday cake ?
We make our own yogurt.

____________________________________________________________________

Let's practice:
1. Can you ____a reservation for me ? (a. do ----------b. make)

2. I'll ___the shopping and you pick get the wine. (a. do--------b. make.)

3. If you don't_____the travel arrangements soon, it will be too late . (a. do --------b.make_

4. David doesn't____ much money. a. do ------ b.make)

5. I'll ___the housework later. Let's go to the beach now. (a.do------b.make)

6. I'll _____ the appointment for 2:00 in the afternoon. ( a.do----b.make)

7. I'll try not to any more errors. ( a.do -------b.make)

8. Oh, Dear! There is so much laundry to ____ (a.do ----b.make)

9. Look at the yard ! You'll have to ___ it soon. ( a.do----b . make)

10. Will you ___ the painting this week or next week ? (a.do------ b .make)

the answer
1. make
2. do
3. make
4. make
5. do
6. make
7. do
8. do
9. do
10.
do


1. Good students always ____ their homework after class.

2. Before leaving for work, Judy usually _____her bed.

3. I hate asking Roger anything. He can't ___make a decision.

4. After dinner last night, Keila _____the dishes.

5. Dennis asked me if I want to _____lunch at Joe's restaurant.

6. My wife asked me too ____ lunch for the children since she had to work.

7. Before she bought a washer and a dryer, Maria did her laundry at the laundromat.

8. My cousin ___ money every year by selling Christmas trees.

9. After the car wash scratched his car, Baruch said that he would never____ business with them again.

10. After Sorn lost her job, her family had to make do with only her husband's income.

11. Rosa's brother asked her to _____ a favor for him.

12. Andrew doesn't understand why his mother ____ a big deal about taking out the garbage.

13. In 1991 , the United State and other nations ____war against Iraq.

14. Children will _____ a mess if no one watches them.

15. Bophavann lets her daughter go to the mall on Saturdays only after she ____ her chores.

16. Vanrith was happy because he ______ well on his test.

17. Customers aren't usually allowed behind the counter but the manager ____ an exception for MAria last week.

18. Steve works at the supermarket now but he used to ______ a living by working at a the restaurant.

19. Elizabeth was supposed to turn felt on Anaheim Street but she ___ a mistake and turn right.

20. Before going on the date, Somaly had to ________her hair.

21. John and Jody barely earn enough money to ____end's meet.

22. Bill had to _____ time in the county jail after he was convicted of robbing the gas station.

23. Before putting the new lesson on the internet, Harold ____changes that the teachers recommended.

24. After taking power, the dictator ____ away with all of his enemies.

25. The boss asked his employees to _____ suggestions about improving the business.

26. Saving a little money every week will ____ a big difference in a few years.

The answer :
1. do
2. makes
3. make
4. did
5. do
6. make
7. did
8. makes
9. do
10. make
11. do
12. makes
13.

____________________________________________________________________

Extra :

MAKE

make a scene = causar un escandalo
make plans
make an offer
make a suggestion
make decision
make a bed
make an effort
make an excuse
make a mistake
make a noise
make a phone call
make money
make dinner
make trouble
make a list

DO

do the shopping
do work
do homework
do housework
do the cleaning
do the dishes
do gardening
do something interesting
do a good job
do business
do errands
do a favor
do a puzzle
do exercise
do quis

Practice

Use do or make.

1. I need to ___ my shopping today.

2. I need to _____ a list of what I have to buy.

3. We will ____ plans for the birthday party.

4. I try not to ______mistakes on test.

5. Do you have a phone ? I need to _______a call.

6. I need to ____ my homework.

7. My children help me ____ the cleaning.

8. I always ___ a good job on my homework.


9. I need to go to the supermarket, the bank, and dry cleaners. I don't like to ___ do errands.

10. Will you ____ me a favor ?

11. My husband sometimes helps me _______ dinner.

12. I like to ____ puzzles on the weekend.

13. I get nervous when I ___ a quiz. their beds every morning.

14. My children _____ their beds every morning.

15. I will ___ an effort to finish the work.

16. I am getting fat. I need to ____ exercise.

17. I need to get a job so I can ________ money.

18. I need to _____ a decision quickly.

19. We will ____ an offer to buy the house.

20 I don't know what to do . Can you ____- a suggestion ?

The answer:
1. do
2. make
3. make
4. make
5. make
6. do
7. do
8. do
9. do
10. do
11. make
12. do
13. do
14. make
15. make
16. do
17. make
18. make
19. make
20. make.
_________________________0-0-0_______________________________________

Expresions with to be

be booked up : no space or time available for someone

be caught up in something : involved in the situation, often when you don't want to be

be cut off : be a long way from other places and people

be dying for sth (informal) : want sth very much, especially food or drink

be getting at sth (informal) : express something indirectly

be hung up (informal) : be very worried about sth and spend a lot of time thinking about it.

be playing at sth : if you ask what someone is playing at, you ask what they are doing, in
a way which shows that you are surprised and angry.

be pressed for something : have a very little or not enough of sth, especially time or money.

be put out : be annoyed, often because of something done or said to you

be snowed under (informal) : have too much work to deal with

be taken up with sth : be very busy doing sth

be tied up (informal) : be busy so that you are unable to see or speak to anyone else or go
anywhere

be tucked away : be in quiet or hidden place which not many people see or go to


___________________________________________________________________
Make a good answer

1. What exactly are getting at ?

2. Would you like to go to a cafe?

3. Why didn't I see you at the meeting last Thursday?

4. Can I get a ticket for tonight's performance ?

5. Why don't you like fall?

6. Why are so put out ?

7. Why does Sam look so upset ?

a. Sorry, we are booked up for tonight.
b. She says something stupid and calls for attention every time there are other people around.
c. I am always pressed for time with my classes.
d. Oh, he is so hung up about failing his exam.
e. Let me put it another way for you .
f. Sorry, I was tied up all last week, so I couldn't attend it.
g. Yes, I am dying for an ice -cream.


the answer :
1. e
2. g
3. f
4. a
5. d
6. b
7. c
____________________________________________________________________

English Exercise >to be exercise> to be have (some collocations)

TO BE OR TO HAVE

To be + adjective ( for feelings and other expression)

To be thirsty
To be sleepy
To be afraid (of)
To be hungry
To be hot
To be cold
To be in a hurry
To be late
To be X years old (to express age)
To be right
To be careful

To be + adjective (weather expressions)

It's could
It's hot
It's sunny
It is cloudy
It's foggy
It's windy


TO HAVE

To have a lunch / tea / atc
To have a cold
To have a shower/ a bath
To have the right to do something

A. Choose the correct word, write in the box.

1. ........you in a hurry ? I should speak to you . are / have

2. It......hot . Why don't we go to the swimming pool ? is / has

3. I ........a cold, I sneeze and cough all the time. have / am

4. I ........ sleepy but I am tired . am not / haven't not

5. Would you like some lemonade No thanks I ..............thirsty . am not / haven't

6. It ........ sunny, let's go to the park. has / is

7. It .......... very cold, you should wear warmer clothes . has / is

8. I ......... hot, can I open a window ? have got / am

9. When it ...... hot you must drink lots of water. is/has

10. I ........ the right to vote because I am 18. have/ am

the answer
1. are
2. is
3. have
4. am not
5. am not
6. is
7. am
8. am
9. is
10. have
____________________________________________________________________

Emotion

lonely
tired
nasty
naughty
creepy
grumpy
charming
cheerful
confused
witty
funny
lucky
lovely
proud
silly

Character

responsible
bossy
ambitious
smart
independent
fun loving
friendly
respectful
tireless
curious
hard workin
creative
reserved.
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GIVING DIRECTION

Excuse me.
Can you tell me the way to the Castle ?
How can I get to the Castle ?
(the Charles Bridge, the metro station, the old Town Square, the National Theater)


Excuse me. Is there an ATM near here ?
(a metro station, a tram stop, a bus stop, a railway station, a car park, taxi stand)

What is the best way to get......... ?
Yes, certainly. / Sure.
Well, I'm afraid I don't know.

Yes, there is.
No, not around here I'm afraid.
Well, I'm afraid I don't know.

1) FIRST
Go down this street.
Go straight. -----> keep going on the street.
(to the traffic lights, till you get the main street).

Go up the street. -------> getiing number
Go up the escalators.

2) THEN
Turn right,
Turn left.
Take the first on the right (on your right).
Take the second on the left ( on your left).

Pass the post office.
Go past the department store.

Go over the bridge.
Go over street.

Cross the street.
Go across the square . *--------->*

Is it far?
No, it isn't very far. You can walk there in ten miinutes.
Well, it is quite far. you'd better take a tram.

> take a tram/ take a bus / go by bus.

> take tram no (number)......../ take bus no (number)...........

> take the underground, take the metro, take the A line

> get on at....

> change at.....

>change to the C line (red line)

> get off at.... (turun dari bis)

> next to ( very near)

> on the corner

> opposite = on the other side = accros

Gerund

Activity 1.
Find the gerund in the following sentences and underline them. Remember there can be more than one gerund in a sentence. Look for verb that act like nouns.

1. Skating makes Janet happy.

2. Amber loves swimming, hiking and canoeing at camp.

3. Riding a bike is my favorite exercise.

4. Eating cookies in the car made a mess.

5. Susan enjoys reading and sewing.

6. My teacher planned a gym day of running and jumping.

the answer
1. skating
2. swimming, hiking, canoeing.
3. riding
4. eating
5. reading , sewing
6. running and jumping

1. Skating makes Janet happy.
>>Janet feel like skating now

2.hiking : walking in any place for vacation.

4. Eating cookies in the car made a mess
>>What made a mess in the car?
>>mess = something is not correct
>>My friend is very mess ----> the person is not responsible.

5. Susan enjoy reading and sewing.
>>What does Susan enjoy?

6. My teacher planned a gym day of running and jumping.
>>What did your teacher plan?

Activity 2

1. (to ski) ........ can be dangerous.
2. After (to shop)..........., we went to the cinema.
3. (to smoke)............. is unhealthy.
4. (to swim) .......... is my favorite activity.
5. Do you like (to surf)....... on the net ?
6. Does she enjoy (to wear)...... jewels?
7. At the (begin).......... of the year,we move south.
8. Before (to go)............. to bed, I usually have a shower.
9. Be careful (to spell) ........words.
10. The neighbors thanked me for (to call) ........ the fire department.

the answer
1. skiing
2. shopping
3. smoking
4.swimming
5. surfing
6.wearing
7.beginning
8. going
9. spelling
10. calling.

The verb which are followed by gerund :
admit
appreciate
avoid
carry on = continue
consider = think about it
defer
delay = something is late
deny = say no
detest = hate, don't like , dislike
endure
enjoy = like
escape = run away
excuse
face = I face a problem = I have a problem
ex: the window face the east
feel like = want to do something
finish
forgive
give up = stop doing something
can't help = really want to
ex: I can't help speaking to you ( I want to speak to you so much)
>>I can't help eat chocolate ( I really want to eat chocolate)
hate
imagine
involved
keep ( continue)
leave off
like
mention
mind
miss
postpone
practice
put off
report
resent
risk
can't stand
stop understand

Some preposition are followed by gerund :
Be keen on
be fond of (like)
be good at
be interest in
be afraid of
a method/ way
of insist on
accuse someone of
be used to

Build sentences ( www.tolearnenglish.com)

1. early. getting hate up I
2. next summer. to Paris They suggested going
3. town? Do you mind in living
4.She meeting mother-in -law. avoids her
5. at playing good She piano. is the
6. interested I'm in butterflies. collecting
7. afraid going of is in She storm. out

the answer
1. I hate getting up early.
2. They suggest going to Paris next summer.
3. Do you mind living in town ?
4. She avoids meeting her mother-in-law.
5. She is the good at playing piano.
6. I'm interested in collecting butterflies.
7. She is afraid of going out in storm.

What can you see in this picture?
1. there are two men dancing.
answer:
1. I can see two men dancing at home.
2. I can see two men enjoying their time.
3. I can see the tape recorder playing in the room.
4. I can see two men singing at home.
5. I can see two men have a fun.

What can you see in this picture? (there are several people harvesting apple)
1. I can see several people taking fruits.
2. I can see two people climbing to leader.
3. I can see apple falling down in the ground.

What can you see in this picture?
1. I can see two people talking.
2. I can see a men talking with his wife.
3. I can see two people having conversation
4. I can see the father giving advice to his daughter.
5. I can see two people sitting on the chair.

What can you see in this picture?
1. I can see children fighting.
2. I can see a boy throwing to him face the ice cream.
3. I can see some kid throwing sandwich.

What can you see in this picture?
1. I can see some people working
2. I can see some people typing on the computer.
3. I can see some people reading.

What can you see in this picture?
1. I can see some people clapping their hand.

Participles, Participle constructions

Use
1. to shorten relative clauses
2. to make one sentence out of two
3. after verbs of "perception" (e.g. see, watch, hear, listen to, smell, feel)
4. after verbs of "rest" and "movement" (e.g.run, go, come,stay,stand,lie,sit)
5. after the verb have, ex: I have a lot of thing going on.
6. instead of a subordinate clause.


example: no .5 after verbs have
1. I can not meet you now, because I have a project going on.
2. I can not meet you because my son playing footbal.
3. I can not meet you because I have my home work is done.


FORM
present/participle --------- an exciting race

past participle-------------- excited people

Examples
1. The cars which are produced in Japan are nice.
--The cars produced in Japan are nice.

2. I saw the man. He came to the shop.
--I saw the man coming to the shop.

3. I saw the car coming round the corner.

4. The girl sat sleeping on the sofa.

5. I have my clothes washed.

6. When they went to Texas they expected a better job.
--Going to Texas they expected a better job.

make sentence like : The girl sat sleeping on the sofa.
1. I sat watching TV....
2. I sat eating....
3. I sat relaxing..
4. I sat writing..

make sentences like : I have my clothes washed.
1. I have my hair cut, yesterday.

2. I went to girl to make my dress.
--I had my dress made.

3. I have go to my dentist.
--What did the dentist do for your tooth?
--I had my tooth filled in.

4. I have a plumber in my apartment.
--I had my bathtub fixed.

Put in the verbs in brackets as participles present participle or past participle into the gaps.

Example: I talked to the man ..............the newspaper.
Answer : I talked to the man reading the newspaper.

1. He saw his friend........(go) out with Sue.
2. The bus crashed into the blue car....(drive) down the hill.
3. Peter hurt his leg...(do) karate.
4. The umbrella...(find) at the bus stop belongs to John Smith.
5. The people.....(dance) in the street are all very nice.
6. I heard my mother ........(talk) on the phone.
7. My uncle always has his car ........(wash).
8. We stood .....(wait) for taxi.
9. ......(look) down from the tower we saw many people walking in the streets.
10. The people drove off in ......(steal) car.

answer
1. going
2. driving
3. doing. because he hurt by him self. but ..if the sentence like :
Peter had his leg hurt, because doing karate with someone.
4. found. (just passive voice)
5. dancing.
6. talking ( still action)
7. washed.( he doesn't wash the car by him self)
8. waiting.
9. looking
10. stolen (passive voice).